Fundamentals of Electronic Connection Wires

Fundamentals of Electronic Connection Wires

1.Components

• Conductor: Usually made of metals with good electrical conductivity, such as copper and aluminum, it is the core part for transmitting current and signals. To improve flexibility and transmission performance, conductors are generally stranded in multiple strands.
• Insulation Layer: Wrapped around the conductor, its main function is to prevent current leakage and short - circuits, ensuring the safety and stability of the electronic connection wire. Common insulating materials include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), fluoroplastics, etc.
• Shielding Layer: Some electronic connection wires are equipped with a shielding layer, usually composed of metal foils or metal braided nets. Its function is to reduce the impact of external electromagnetic interference on signal transmission and prevent internal signals from radiating outward, ensuring the integrity and stability of signals.
• Sheath: Located on the outermost layer of the electronic connection wire, it is used to protect the internal conductor, insulation layer, and shielding layer. It has properties such as abrasion resistance, oil resistance, corrosion resistance, and UV resistance. Common sheath materials include rubber, polyurethane, etc.

2.Classification

• Classification by Application
  • Power Connection Wires: Mainly used to supply power to electronic devices, such as the power cords of computers and the charger cables of mobile phones. They usually have a large current - carrying capacity.
  • Signal Connection Wires: Used to transmit various signals, such as audio cables, video cables, and data cables. High accuracy and speed of signal transmission are required for these wires.
• Classification by Structure
  • Flat Cables: Consist of multiple wires arranged in parallel and fixed together by an insulation layer. They are usually used to connect different circuit boards inside electronic devices, featuring small space occupation and neat wiring.
  • Round Wires: With a circular appearance, they are the most common type of electronic connection wires. They are suitable for various application scenarios and have good flexibility and mechanical strength.
• Classification by Connection Method
  • Welded Connection Wires: Connected to electronic components or circuit boards by welding. This connection is firm and has stable electrical performance, but it is relatively difficult to repair and replace.
  • Plug - in Connection Wires: Connected in the form of plugs and sockets, which is convenient for installation and disassembly. They are suitable for electronic devices that need to be frequently replaced or moved, such as USB cables and HDMI cables.

3.Performance Indicators

• Electrical Performance
  • Rated Voltage: Refers to the maximum voltage value at which the electronic connection wire can operate normally. Exceeding this voltage may damage the insulation layer and cause safety accidents.
  • Rated Current: The maximum current that the electronic connection wire can safely carry under normal working conditions, which is related to factors such as the material and cross - sectional area of the conductor.
  • Resistance: The resistance of the conductor to the flow of current. The smaller the resistance, the less energy loss during signal transmission, and the higher the transmission efficiency.
• Mechanical Performance
  • Tensile Strength: The ability of the electronic connection wire to resist tensile damage. Insufficient tensile strength may cause the connection wire to break during use.
  • Bending Performance: Reflects the ability of the electronic connection wire to maintain stable performance during repeated bending. For connection wires that need to be frequently bent, such as mobile phone charging cables, bending performance is particularly important.

4.Selection Points

• Based on the Application Scenario: Consider factors such as the temperature, humidity, vibration, and electromagnetic interference of the usage environment. For example, in high - temperature environments, choose insulating materials and sheath materials that can withstand high temperatures; in environments with electromagnetic interference, select connection wires with a shielding layer.
• Based on Electrical Requirements: Select appropriate electronic connection wires according to the type of signal to be transmitted, voltage level, and current magnitude. For example, when transmitting high - speed digital signals, choose data cables with low latency and high bandwidth.
• Based on Mechanical Requirements: If the connection wire needs to be frequently moved or bent, choose products with good flexibility and fatigue resistance; for connection wires that need to be fixed for installation, consider their fixing methods and mechanical strength.